Turning around ‘stuck’ schools in England: effective leadership in extremely challenging circumstances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4151/07189729-Vol.63-Iss.1-Art.1523Keywords:
Stuck schools failing schools school effectiveness disadvantaged schools turnaround leadership turnaround schools.Abstract
This paper presents a two-year qualitative multi-site case study in six English state-funded schools (thee primary and three secondary). These schools were identified by Ofsted as ‘stuck’ after failing their inspections for more than a decade but managed to turnaround their overall inspection effectiveness, despite the wider contextual challenges. Drawing from an analysis of 50 documents, 22 interviews and focus groups with school leaders, we detail the schools’ trajectories and leadership practices that allowed leaders to improve schools’ overall effectiveness. Staff from ‘un-stuck’ schools described a combination of 1) distributed leadership, 2) moral purpose, 3) stabilising teams, 4) external support, 5) building trust, 6) positive relationships with parents and the community, 7) vision of high expectations, 8) systematic approach to improve behaviour, and 9) strong internal governance and accountability that allowed their significant improvement. These characteristics contribute to our understanding of effective turnaround leadership of schools working in disadvantaged contexts.
References
Altrichter, H., & Kemethofer, D. (2015). Does accountability pressure through school inspections promote school improvement? School effectiveness and school improvement, 26(1), 32-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2014.927369
Bacchi, C. (2012). Why study problematizations? Making politics visible. Open journal of political science, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2015.51001
Carpenter, B. W., Bukoski, B. E., Berry, M., & Mitchell, A. M. (2017). Examining the social justice identity of assistant principals in persistently low-achieving schools. Urban Education, 52(3), 287-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915574529
Collinson, V. (2010). To learn or not to learn: A potential organizational learning gap among school systems? Leadership and Policy in Schools, 9(2), 190-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760903342368
Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC medical research methodology, 11(1), 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100
Day, D. (Ed.). (2014). The Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations. Oxford Library of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199755615.001.0001
Day, D., Sammons, P., & Gorgen, K. (2020). Successful School Leadership. Education development trust.
Dedering, K. (2018). Consultancy in ‘failing schools’: emerging issues. Improving Schools, 21(2), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480217753515
Ehren, M., Hutchinson, J., & Muñoz-Chereau, B. (2023). Place-based disparities faced by stuck schools in England: a contextual understanding of low performance and the role of inspection outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2023.2238698
Hanson, D. (2017). The special measures school and the ‘c’ word: A case study of the role of conformity, compliance chimera, and the power of community and context in a special measures secondary school in northern England. Power and Education, 9(2), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757743817714282
Hirsh, Å., Liljenberg, M., Jahnke, A., & Karlsson Pérez, Å. (2023). Far from the generalised norm: Recognising the interplay between contextual particularities and principals’ leadership in schools in low-socio-economic status communities. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231187349
Hofer, S., Holzberger, D., & Reiss, K. (2020). Evaluating school inspection effectiveness: A systematic research synthesis on 30 years of international research. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 65, Article e100864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100864
Hutchinson, J. (2016). School inspection in England: is there room to improve? Educational Policy Institute.
Ko, J. Y., Hallinger, P., & Walker, A. D. (2012). Exploring school improvement in Hong Kong secondary schools. Peabody Journal of Education, 87(2), 216-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2012.664474
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School leadership & management, 40(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077
Matthews, P., & Sammons, P. (2005). Survival of the weakest: The differential improvement of schools causing concern in England. London Review of Education, 3, 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14748460500163989
Maxwell, J., & Chmiel, M. (2014). Notes Towards a Theory of Qualitative Data Analysis. In U. Flick (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (pp. 23-35). Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243.n2
Meyers, C., & Hitt, D. H. (2017). School Turnaround Principals: What Does Initial Research Literature Suggest They Are Doing to Be Successful? Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 22(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2016.1242070
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage.
Muijs, D., Harris, A., Chapman, C., Stoll, L., & Russ, J. (2004). Improving schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas–A review of research evidence. School effectiveness and school improvement, 15(2), 149-175. https://doi.org/10.1076/sesi.15.2.149.30433
Munoz-Chereau, B., González, Á., & Meyers, C. V. (2022). How are the ‘losers’ of the school accountability system constructed in Chile, the USA and England? Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 52(7), 1125-1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1851593
Munoz-Chereau, B., Hutchinson, J., & Ehren, M. (2022). 'Stuck' schools: Can below good Ofsted inspections prevent sustainable improvement? UCL Discovery.
Nicolaidou, M., & Ainscow, M. (2005). Understanding failing schools: Perspectives from the inside. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(3), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450500113647
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd edition). Sage.
Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., & Elam, G. (2003). Designing and selecting samples. In J. Ritchie, & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice (pp.77-108). Sage.
Rosenholtz, S. J. (1989). Teacher's workplace: The social organization of schools. Longman.
Wilkins, D., & Antonopoulou, V. (2020). Do performance indicators predict Ofsted ratings? An exploratory study of children’s services in England. Journal of Children's Services, 15(2), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-07-2019-0035
Willis, L. (2010). Is the process of special measures an effective tool for bringing about authentic school improvement? Management in Education, 24(4), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020610379314
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bernardita Munoz Chereau, Melanie Ehren
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
El/los autores/as otorgan licencia exclusiva y sin límite de temporalidad para que el manuscrito sea publicado en la revista Perspectiva Educacional, editada por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), a través de la Escuela de Pedagogía.